Pakistan has long presented itself as a leading voice in the Muslim world. Founded in 1947 as a homeland for Muslims of British India, it has over the decades sought to project itself as a champion of Islamic solidarity, a defender of Muslim causes and a strategic partner for other Muslim-majority states. But in 2024-25 the landscape of Pakistan’s relations with other Islamic nations is increasingly shaped by tension, complexity and paradox by the interplay of border issues,

In the shifting landscape of South Asian geopolitics, Pakistan stands at a precarious crossroads. Once seen as a front line ally in the global war against terror, it now finds itself increasingly consumed by the very forces it once claimed to combat. The rise in terrorism across Pakistan over the last few years has not only destabilized its internal security but also poses a growing threat to regional peace and stability. From the rugged mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the