The history of the Indian subcontinent is often viewed through the prism of partitioned lands, yet the most grievous wound inflicted upon the geography of the region remains the partition of its rivers. The Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 is frequently lauded in global diplomatic circles as a beacon of cooperation between hostile neighbours, but for India, it stands as a monumental testament to strategic naivety and misplaced generosity. This agreement was not a settlement of equ

For decades, Pakistan has attempted to cloak its hostile designs on Jammu and Kashmir in the language of moral righteousness. Every few years, when its internal crises deepen or its global relevance wanes, Islamabad reaches for the same familiar script issuing resolutions, staging diplomatic theatrics and invoking hollow slogans of self-determination. Its latest move, the passage of a so-called plebiscite resolution in Pakistan’s National Assembly, fits squarely within this p

Pakistan has long presented itself as a leading voice in the Muslim world. Founded in 1947 as a homeland for Muslims of British India, it has over the decades sought to project itself as a champion of Islamic solidarity, a defender of Muslim causes and a strategic partner for other Muslim-majority states. But in 2024-25 the landscape of Pakistan’s relations with other Islamic nations is increasingly shaped by tension, complexity and paradox by the interplay of border issues,