One year after the Pahalgam terror attack of 22 April 2025, the valley stands as a symbol of both grief and resilience. This reflection examines the human, economic and security consequences of the tragedy, the response of ordinary Kashmiris, and the broader challenges that continue to shape the unfinished battle for lasting peace in Kashmir.

For decades, Pakistan has mastered one craft with disturbing dedication — the ability to manufacture chaos and export it across borders. This is the essence of Fitna-e-Pakistan : a system where instability isn’t an accident but a tool, a strategy, almost a national identity. And nowhere has this engineered disorder been targeted more relentlessly than towards Kashmir. Kashmir has always been a land of culture, memory and resilience — yet Pakistan has tried to turn its very